LOINC

Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes

LOINC® (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) is the universal standard for identifying health measurements, observations, and documents. When used in conjunction with exchange standards such as HL7 version 2 or FHIR, LOINC’s universal observation identifiers are an essential ingredient for sharing and understanding clinical and laboratory data from many sources.

From 2006 to 2019, Dr. Vreeman was the Director, LOINC and Health Data Standards with the Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the inaugural Regenstrief–McDonald Scholar in Data Standards at the Indiana University School of Medicine. In those roles, he led the development of LOINC, an open vocabulary standard for health measurements, observations and documents that is now used in more than 185 countries.

 

Publications

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Zhang XA, Yates A, Vasilevsky N, Gourdine JP, Callahan TJ, Carmody LC, et al. Semantic integration of clinical laboratory tests from electronic health records for deep phenotyping and biomarker discovery. NPJ Digit Med. 2019;2. Download
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Bodenreider O, Cornet R, Vreeman DJ. Recent Developments in Clinical Terminologies - SNOMED CT, LOINC, and RxNorm. Yearb Med Inform. 2018 Aug;27(1):129–39. Download
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Vreeman DJ, Abhyankar S, Wang KC, Carr C, Collins B, Rubin DL, et al. The LOINC RSNA radiology playbook - a unified terminology for radiology procedures. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018 May 29; Download
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Beitia AO, Lowry T, Vreeman DJ, Loo GT, Delman BN, Thum FL, et al. Standard Anatomic Terminologies: Comparison for Use in a Health Information Exchange-Based Prior Computed Tomography (CT) Alerting System. JMIR Med Inform. 2017 Dec 14;5(4):e49. Download
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Campbell WS, Karlsson D, Vreeman DJ, Lazenby AJ, Talmon GA, Campbell JR. A computable pathology report for precision medicine: extending an observables ontology unifying SNOMED CT and LOINC. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017 Sep 13; Download
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Wang KC, Patel JB, Vyas B, Toland M, Collins B, Vreeman DJ, et al. Use of Radiology Procedure Codes in Health Care: The Need for Standardization and Structure. Radiographics. 2017 Aug;37(4):1099–110. Download
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Vreeman DJ, Hook J, Dixon BE. Learning from the crowd while mapping to LOINC. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2015 Nov;22(6):1205–11. Download
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Deckard J, McDonald CJ, Vreeman DJ. Supporting interoperability of genetic data with LOINC. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2015 Feb 5; Download
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Dixon BE, Hook J, Vreeman DJ. Learning From the Crowd in Terminology Mapping: The LOINC Experience. Lab Med. 2015;46(2):168–74. Download
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Dixon BE, Vreeman DJ, Grannis SJ. The Long Road to Semantic Interoperability in Support of Public Health: Experiences from Two States. J Biomed Inform. 2014 Mar 25; Download
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Vreeman DJ, Richoz C. Possibilities and Implications of Using the ICF and Other Vocabulary Standards in Electronic Health Records. Physiother Res Int. 2013 Jul 30;
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Fidahussein M, Vreeman DJ. A corpus-based approach for automated LOINC mapping. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2013 May 15; Download
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Wu J, Finnell JT, Vreeman DJ. Evaluating Congruence Between Laboratory LOINC Value Sets for Quality Measures, Public Health Reporting, and Mapping Common Tests. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2013;2013:1525–32.
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Vreeman DJ, Chiaravalloti MT, Hook J, McDonald CJ. Enabling international adoption of LOINC through translation. J Biomed Inform [Internet]. 2012 Aug [cited 2012 Aug 19];45(4):667–73. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22285984
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Lin MC, Vreeman DJ, McDonald CJ, Huff SM. Auditing consistency and usefulness of LOINC use among three large institutions - Using version spaces for grouping LOINC codes. J Biomed Inform [Internet]. 2012 Aug [cited 2012 Aug 19];45(4):658–66. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22306382
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Kroth PJ, Daneshvari S, Harris EF, Vreeman DJ, Edgar HJH. Using LOINC to link 10 terminology standards to one unified standard in a specialized domain. J Biomed Inform [Internet]. 2012 Aug [cited 2012 Aug 19];45(4):674–82. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036696
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Pan H, Tryka KA, Vreeman DJ, Huggins W, Phillips MJ, Mehta JP, et al. Using PhenX measures to identify opportunities for cross-study analysis. Hum Mutat [Internet]. 2012 May [cited 2012 Aug 19];33(5):849–57. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22415805 Download
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Gamache RE, Dixon BE, Grannis S, Vreeman DJ. Impact of selective mapping strategies on automated laboratory result notification to public health authorities. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2012;2012:228–36.
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Rajda J, Vreeman DJ, Wei HG. Semantic interoperability of Health Risk Assessments. AMIA Annu Symp Proc [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2012 Aug 19];2011:1134–43. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22195174
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Lin MC, Vreeman DJ, McDonald CJ, Huff SM. A characterization of local LOINC mapping for laboratory tests in three large institutions. Methods Inf Med [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2012 Aug 19];50(2):105–14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20725694
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Lin MC, Vreeman DJ, Huff SM. Investigating the semantic interoperability of laboratory data exchanged using LOINC codes in three large institutions. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2011;2011:805–14.
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Vreeman DJ, McDonald CJ, Huff SM. Representing Patient Assessments in LOINC®. AMIA Annu Symp Proc [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2012 Aug 19];2010:832–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21347095
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Lin MC, Vreeman DJ, McDonald CJ, Huff SM. Correctness of Voluntary LOINC Mapping for Laboratory Tests in Three Large Institutions. AMIA Annu Symp Proc [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2012 Aug 19];447–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21347018
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Vreeman DJ, McDonald CJ, Huff SM. LOINC® - A Universal Catalog of Individual Clinical Observations and Uniform Representation of Enumerated Collections. Int J Funct Inform Personal Med. 2010;3(4):273–91. Download
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Vreeman DJ, Stark M, Tomashefski GL, Phillips DR, Dexter PR. Embracing change in a health information exchange. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2008;768–72. Download
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Vreeman DJ, Finnell JT, Overhage JM. A rationale for parsimonious laboratory term mapping by frequency. AMIA Annu Symp Proc [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2010 Jul 28];771–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18693941
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Vreeman DJ. Keeping up with changing source system terms in a local health information infrastructure: running to stand still. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2007;129(Pt 1):775–9.
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Vreeman DJ, McDonald CJ. A comparison of Intelligent Mapper and document similarity scores for mapping local radiology terms to LOINC. AMIA Annu Symp Proc [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2010 Jul 28];809–13. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17238453 Download
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Vreeman DJ. Maintaining mappings from source systems in a local health information infrastructure. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2006;1131.
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Vreeman DJ, McDonald CJ. Automated mapping of local radiology terms to LOINC. AMIA Annu Symp Proc [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2010 Jul 28];769–73. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16779144 Download